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1
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Introduction
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1
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1.1 Types of Separators
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3
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1.2 Operator's Duties
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4
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1.3 Training Kit Components
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4
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2
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Separator Operating Principles
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5
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2.1 Inlet Momentum Change
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5
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2.2 Gravity
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7
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2.3 Centrifugal Force
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9
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2.4 Coalescing
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11
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2.5 Influence of Pressure and Temperature on Separation
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13
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3
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Two-Phase Separator Operation: Liquid/Gas Applications
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14
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3.1 Horizontal Two-Phase Liquid/Gas Separator
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15
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3.2 Vertical Two-Phase Liquid/Gas Separator
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20
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3.3 Horizontal Inline Cyclone Separator
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23
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4
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Two-Phase Separator Operation: Liquid/Liquid Separators
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24
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4.1 Separating Liquids in a Coalescer
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25
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4.2 Separating Liquids in a Hydrocyclone
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26
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5
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Three-Phase Separator Operation
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27
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5.1 Flows and Operation
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27
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5.2 Three-Phase Separator Applications
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30
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6
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Separator Instrumentation, Control, and Alarms
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31
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6.1 Monitoring and Control Systems
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31
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6.2 Level Instrumentation and Control
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36
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6.3 Pressure Instrumentation and Control
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50
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6.4 Flow Instrumentation and Control
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51
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6.5 Temperature Instrumentation
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54
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6.6 Alarms and Protective Devices
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55
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7
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Separator Hazards and Safety Precautions
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59
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7.1 Operator Responsibilities
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59
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7.2 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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60
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7.3 Separator Safety Hazards and Controls
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61
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8
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Separator Optimization and Troubleshooting
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63
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8.1 Optimal Level
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63
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8.2 Optimal Pressure
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64
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8.3 Optimal Flow
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65
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8.4 Optimal Temperature
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65
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8.5 Other Factors to Achieve Optimal Separation
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66
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8.6 Troubleshooting Separators
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67
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9
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Self-Check
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69
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10
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Self-Check Answer Key
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78
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